Tesla and NVIDIA are reportedly funding Samsung Electro-Mechanics to expand FC-BGA substrate production for AI chips, with reported total funding of 3.7 trillion won, or about $2.8 billion in another account. Tesla also reportedly signed a five-year supply agreement covering substrates for its electric vehicles and Optimus humanoid robots, while the dedicated Sejong facility is expected to begin mass production in late 2028 and ship in 2029. The claims come from TrendForce, Maekyung and industry news rather than direct company announcements.