Amazon Web Services automotive and manufacturing global managing director Ozgur Tohumcu told TMTPost and Zhidx that scaling physical AI often depends less on model capability than on data foundations, governance, organizational readiness and deployment economics. He said many automakers’ AI projects remain at the proof-of-concept stage, while AWS supports physical AI through foundation models, simulation and synthetic data, model distillation and optimization, edge deployment, and hardware and physical platforms. Amazon also said its operations network includes more than one million robots.