In a theCUBE interview, McKinsey distinguished partner James Kaplan said knowledge graphs connect enterprise data with the business relationships AI applications need to support decisions, noting consumers already rely on graphs via LinkedIn, Wikipedia and social media. He said AI can now turn messy, unstructured data into structured data and deterministic business rules stored in a graph. McKinsey says it applies this through the semantic data layer of EcliptOS, its AI operating system, which Kaplan described as a "graph of databases."