Researchers at the University of Bristol reported in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence that human brain organoids, living neural tissue grown from stem cells, could classify Braille letters from electrical signals. A single organoid of about 10,000 neurons reached roughly 61 percent accuracy, while an ensemble of three organoids reached 83 percent. Lead researcher Tianyi Liu stressed the experiment was open-loop, with the organoids receiving only initial inputs and no feedback, so it does not show they learned Braille or were permanently altered, only that they could classify letters after stimulation.